HERBARIA AND BOTANICAL GARDENS

-

 

🌿 HERBARIA AND BOTANICAL GARDENS

Herbaria and botanical gardens are two very important resources used in plant taxonomy, biodiversity studies, conservation, education, and research. They help in the identification, naming, classification, preservation, and display of plant species. Both are known as “centres of taxonomic research” and are essential for students of botany.

🌱 HERBARIUM

A herbarium is a systematic collection of dried, pressed, and preserved plant specimens, mounted on herbarium sheets and arranged in a scientific order for study and reference. It acts like a library of plants. The specimens are collected from the field, pressed, dried, poisoned (to prevent infection), mounted on sheets (41 × 29 cm), and labeled with important information such as botanical name, local name, family, collector’s name, place of collection, date, habitat, and uses.

📌 Uses of Herbaria (Points):

🌎 Important Herbaria of the World

  • Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium, Kew, UK (Code: K)

  • New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, USA (NY)

  • Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, USA (MO)

  • Harvard University Herbarium, USA (HU)

  • Berlin Herbarium, Germany (B)

🇮🇳 Major Herbaria of India

  • Central National Herbarium, Kolkata (CAL)

  • Botanical Survey of India (BSI), various locations

  • Indian Forest Herbarium, Dehradun (DD)

  • Madras Herbarium, Tamil Nadu (MH)

  • Assam Herbarium, Assam (ASSAM)

  • Blatter Herbarium, Mumbai (BLAT)

🌷 BOTANICAL GARDENS

A botanical garden is a well-organized outdoor area where living plants are cultivated scientifically for education, conservation, research, and public awareness. They are known as living laboratories because they provide real plant material for study, experiments, and practical learning. Botanical gardens also conserve rare, endangered, medicinal, and economically important plants.

📌 Functions of Botanical Gardens (Points):

  • Conservation of rare and endangered plants

  • Act as gene banks and living laboratories

  • Provide plants for research and education

  • Help in public awareness and environmental education

  • Maintain medicinal plants, orchids, trees, and experimental plots

🌎 Important Botanical Gardens of the World

  • Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, UK

  • Brooklyn Botanic Garden, USA

  • Singapore Botanic Garden, Singapore

  • Montreal Botanical Garden, Canada

  • Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, South Africa

🇮🇳 Major Botanical Gardens in India

  • Indian Botanical Garden, Kolkata (largest in India)

  • Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bengaluru

  • Lloyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling

  • Government Botanical Garden, Ooty

  • Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram

  • National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow

  • Botanical Survey of India Garden, Dehradun

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI (PART-2) Asexual Reproduction

-
Image
 1. Asexual Reproduction The reproduction by spores, is called asexual reproduction . The spores are minute cells that serve as reproductive propagules. Spore production is the most common method of reproduction in fungi. There are four types of asexual spores. They are: 1. Conidia 2. Sporangiospores (Endospores) 3. Chlamydospores 4. Arthospores 1. Conidia (singular-Conidium) a. Conidium is a spore formed freely at the tip or side of hypha.  b. Specialized hyphae having such spores are called conidiophores .  c. The tip of conidiophore swells out and produces a spe-cial cell called sterigma (Plural., Sterigmata).  d. The tip of sterigmata cuts off rounded cells called conidia one by one.  e. The conidia germinate and give rise to new mycelia 2. Sporangiospore a. Sp orangiospore or endospore is a spore formed within a sporangium (plural.,sporangia).  b . A sporangium is a sac-like structure within which asexual spores are produced Specialized hyphae havi...
Read more

MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI (Part-3) Sexual Reproduction

-
Image
1. Sexual Reproduction a. The sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes or two gametangia  b. It has three distinct phases. They are plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis. c. The plasmogamy refers to the fusion of two protoplasts that brings two haploid nucle together. d. As a result of plasmogamy a cell containing two haploid nuclei is formed.  e. This cell is known as binucleate cell or dikaryotic cell.  f. The two nuclei residing in that cell are known as a dikaryon.  g. Plasmogamy may be carried out either by gametic union or gametangial contact. h. The next phase is the karyogamy . During karyogamy the two haploid nuclei in a dikaryotic cell fuse together and form diploid nucleus (2N).  I. This nucleus is called a synkaryon . This phase lasts for a short time. It is also known as diplophase. j. Meiosis is the third phase in the sexual reproduction. The diploid nucleus undergoes re-duction division and gives rise to four haploid nucl...
Read more

Oedogonium Structure and Reproduction // Detailed Notes By Rohit Jirobe //

-
Image
Oedogonium Class : Chlorophyceae Order : Odogoniales Family : Odogoniaceae Genus : Oedogonium Oedogonium is a green alga. It is placed in the class Chlorophyceae. This genus was named by Link . Occurrence Oedogonium is widely distributed in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, tanks, mers , etc. The mature filaments are free-floating but the younger ones are attached. They are found attached to stones, woods and to large algae and aquatic angiosperms . There are about 285 species in Oedogonium. Of these, 144 species are found in India . The common Indian species are: Oedogonium nodulosum ,  Oedogonium fragile ,  Oedogonium aquaticum ,  Oedogonium gracilius . Structure Oedogonium is a unbranched filamentous green alga. It is included in the class Chlorophyceae.  It is cosmopolitan in distribution. The plant is a haploid gametophyte . It is a freshwater alga. It is an attached form. It is a filamentous alga. The thallus consists of a long filament and a holdfast...
Read more