ICBN (PRINCIPLES OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE) Notes Part 2

-

 



There are six principles of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. They are as follows:

  1. Botanical nomenclature is completely independent of bacteriological and zoological nomenclature.

According to this principle, the code names the taxonomic groups that are treated as plants or those that belong to that taxonomy. It is not responsible for naming bacteria or any animal as they have separate codes for the purpose.

  1. The application of the names of the given taxonomic groups is determined via the type of nomenclature.

The second principle explains that the nomenclature type relates to the meaning of a name. In a hypothetical situation, if there is any wondering what kind of plant is meant by the author by the name, it is advised to examine the type specimen. Thus, the name must be included as its type specimen, regardless of the situation.

Note: There are various kinds of type specimens, but the ones with major importance are holotypes, neotypes, leukocytes, and epitopes.

  1. The nomenclature of taxonomic groups is based on the priority of publication.

According to the third principle, when a taxonomic group gets two or more names for any reason, the first name that has been legitimately published after proving its validity is designated as the correct one.  

  1. Each taxonomic group with a particular position, circumscription, and rank is allowed to bear just one correct name by the rules, except in some specified cases.

According to the uniqueness principle, only one name for a given taxonomic group is correct, and this needs to be followed worldwide.

  1. The scientific names of all taxonomic groups are treated as Latin with no regard to their derivation. 

The self-explanatory statement throws light on the fact that all taxonomic groups will be treated as Latin as their scientific names.

  1. The rules of the nomenclature are retroactive unless they are expressly limited.

The retroactivity principle states that all the proposals to change the code are published in Taxon. However, they are considered proposals until they vote at the next International Botanical Congress. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI (PART-2) Asexual Reproduction

-
Image
 1. Asexual Reproduction The reproduction by spores, is called asexual reproduction . The spores are minute cells that serve as reproductive propagules. Spore production is the most common method of reproduction in fungi. There are four types of asexual spores. They are: 1. Conidia 2. Sporangiospores (Endospores) 3. Chlamydospores 4. Arthospores 1. Conidia (singular-Conidium) a. Conidium is a spore formed freely at the tip or side of hypha.  b. Specialized hyphae having such spores are called conidiophores .  c. The tip of conidiophore swells out and produces a spe-cial cell called sterigma (Plural., Sterigmata).  d. The tip of sterigmata cuts off rounded cells called conidia one by one.  e. The conidia germinate and give rise to new mycelia 2. Sporangiospore a. Sp orangiospore or endospore is a spore formed within a sporangium (plural.,sporangia).  b . A sporangium is a sac-like structure within which asexual spores are produced Specialized hyphae havi...
Read more

MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI (Part-3) Sexual Reproduction

-
Image
1. Sexual Reproduction a. The sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes or two gametangia  b. It has three distinct phases. They are plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis. c. The plasmogamy refers to the fusion of two protoplasts that brings two haploid nucle together. d. As a result of plasmogamy a cell containing two haploid nuclei is formed.  e. This cell is known as binucleate cell or dikaryotic cell.  f. The two nuclei residing in that cell are known as a dikaryon.  g. Plasmogamy may be carried out either by gametic union or gametangial contact. h. The next phase is the karyogamy . During karyogamy the two haploid nuclei in a dikaryotic cell fuse together and form diploid nucleus (2N).  I. This nucleus is called a synkaryon . This phase lasts for a short time. It is also known as diplophase. j. Meiosis is the third phase in the sexual reproduction. The diploid nucleus undergoes re-duction division and gives rise to four haploid nucl...
Read more

Oedogonium Structure and Reproduction // Detailed Notes By Rohit Jirobe //

-
Image
Oedogonium Class : Chlorophyceae Order : Odogoniales Family : Odogoniaceae Genus : Oedogonium Oedogonium is a green alga. It is placed in the class Chlorophyceae. This genus was named by Link . Occurrence Oedogonium is widely distributed in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, tanks, mers , etc. The mature filaments are free-floating but the younger ones are attached. They are found attached to stones, woods and to large algae and aquatic angiosperms . There are about 285 species in Oedogonium. Of these, 144 species are found in India . The common Indian species are: Oedogonium nodulosum ,  Oedogonium fragile ,  Oedogonium aquaticum ,  Oedogonium gracilius . Structure Oedogonium is a unbranched filamentous green alga. It is included in the class Chlorophyceae.  It is cosmopolitan in distribution. The plant is a haploid gametophyte . It is a freshwater alga. It is an attached form. It is a filamentous alga. The thallus consists of a long filament and a holdfast...
Read more